Overview of Piles (Hemorrhoids)

What is piles ?

The expansion of the small branches of the rectal veins located in the anal canal is referred to as piles. The clinical term for piles is hemorrhoids. Veins, in contrast to arteries, possess thinner walls, making them more susceptible to weakness; therefore, any increased pressure within the veins can lead to their distortion. There are three primary rectal veins: the superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins. Any blockages or elevated pressure in these veins can contribute to the development of piles.

 

There are two types of piles, which vary based on the specific circumstances.

 

   1) External piles.                                                             

  2) Internal piles.                

 

1) External piles:-

This type of hemorrhoid is located externally around the anal opening and is encased in skin. It typically appears black or brown in color. This type of hemorrhoid can be quite painful due to the dense concentration of nerve endings in the region.

 

2) Internal piles:-

The structure is located within the anal canal and is situated internally to the anal opening. It is lined with a mucous membrane and typically appears red or purple in color. These hemorrhoids are generally not associated with pain.

In certain cases, an individual may experience both internal and external hemorrhoids simultaneously.

Factors responsible for piles:-

1- This condition is hereditary in nature.

 

2- Piles occur exclusively in animals that adopt an upright posture, as this condition results from the gravitational impact on the rectal veins, leading to congestion.

 

3- Chronic constipation is often observed in individuals. Those who frequently feel the need to use the restroom may be at risk of developing hemorrhoids over time.

 

4- Hemorrhoids are frequently observed in individuals who consume large amounts of chicken, prawns, and spicy foods. In contrast, those who have a diet rich in vegetables and fiber tend to experience these issues less often.

 

5- Some women may experience hemorrhoids during pregnancy as a result of the uterus compressing the rectal veins.

 

6- Cancerous lesions in the rectum may impede blood circulation, leading to the development of hemorrhoids.

 

 

Signs and symptoms of piles:-

1) Pain:-

Discomfort is frequently experienced with external hemorrhoids, and it tends to intensify during bowel movements.

2) Bleeding:-

Bleeding may occur in spurts during bowel movements, and in certain instances, it can be quite severe.

3) Protruding mass:-

External hemorrhoids can cause noticeable swelling around the anal opening. In the early stages of internal hemorrhoids, there may be no discernible symptoms. However, as the condition advances, the hemorrhoids may protrude during bowel movements and subsequently retract on their own. In more severe cases, the protruding hemorrhoids may become unable to return to the anal canal.

4) In certain instances, there may be a release of mucus accompanied by itching in the area surrounding the anal opening.

Complications of piles:-

1. Infection: The infection may extend to deeper veins, leading to septicemia. 

2. Fibrosis: In this case, the hemorrhoids become fibrosed, resulting in the hardening of the anal opening. 

3. Thrombosis: In this situation, blood within the hemorrhoids can clot, potentially obstructing blood circulation. 

4. Gangrene: This condition occurs when the tissues in the hemorrhoids and surrounding skin die due to insufficient blood flow. 

5. Suppuration: When the hemorrhoids undergo suppuration, they can develop an abscess that discharges pus. 

Treatment of piles:-

1. Treatment begins with a focus on alleviating symptoms. It is essential to address constipation, and if anemia is present, iron supplementation should be administered. Homeopathic remedies may yield positive outcomes. If conventional medical treatments prove ineffective, alternative options can be explored.

2-The excision of the thrombosed external hemorrhoid is performed using local anesthesia.

 

3 - Sclerosant injection therapy may help decrease the size of hemorrhoids.

 

4 -In certain situations, rubber band ligation applied to the base of hemorrhoids can be beneficial.

 

5 - Cryosurgery proves to be highly effective.

 

6 -Anal dilatation can alleviate both constipation and discomfort.

 

7-Hemorrhoidectomy refers to the surgical procedure for the removal of hemorrhoids.

How to prevent piles?

1) Incorporate a variety of fruits and vegetables into your diet.

 

2) Consume foods high in fiber.

 

3) Limit the consumption of meat, shellfish, and similar foods.

 

4) Establish a consistent eating schedule.

 

5) Ensure adequate hydration by drinking enough water.

 

6) Maintain regular bowel habits.

 

7) Address any issues with constipation promptly.

 FAQs

- What are piles (hemorrhoids)?

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